Definition of a cutaway
A brief shot that interrupts the main action of a film, often to depict related matter or supposedly concurrent action.
Cutaways do not have to contribute any dramatic content of their own, often being used to help the editor assemble a longer sequence. This is because editors choose cutaways related to the main action, such as another action or object in the same location. For example, if the main shot is of a man walking down an alley, possible cutaways may include a shot of a cat on a nearby dumpster or a shot of a person watching out of the window.
Cutaways are also used often in older horror films in place of special effects. For example, a shot of a zombie getting its head cut off may for instance start with a view of an axe being swung through the air, followed by a close-up of the actor swinging it, then followed by a cut back to the now severed head.
Tuesday, 24 April 2012
Point of view shot (POV)
A point of view shot (also known as POV shot) is a short film scene that shows what a character is looking at via the camera. It is usually established by being positioned between a shot of a character looking at something, and a shot showing the character's reaction. The technique of POV is one of the basics of film editing.
Sometimes the point-of-view shot is taken over the shoulder of the character.
Here is a POV shot being used in a short clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9_f1rPgtno
Sometimes the point-of-view shot is taken over the shoulder of the character.
Here is a POV shot being used in a short clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9_f1rPgtno
ASA
The ASA is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media, now including marketing on websites. They work to ensure ads are legal, decent, honest and truthful by applying the Advertising Codes.
The strength of the self-regulatory system lies in both the independence of the ASA and the support and commitment of the advertising industry, through the Committee of Advertising Practise (CAP), to maintaining the high standards laid down in the Advertising Codes, which are designed to protect consumers and create a level playing field for advertisers.
They deal with most types of ads but not all, here are a few:
Representation
The definition of representation is:
This character from Coronation street is an over-the-top "camp" character. You can tell this by his stereotypical feminine voice and the way he walks. Furthermore the way he dresses very smart and other times were he wears the most bizarre costumes.
This is a bad representation on homosexuals because he would make people that watch Coronation Street believe that all homosexuals are like this. When statistically you can only tell 1 out of 10 men that are homosexual, you can tell are homosexual.
One thing about camp characters especially male people avoid them or give them dirty looks as people can not understand why they would date the sex.
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In early episodes of Coronation Street there are not many races. The most common race was white people compared to today where we have a multicultural society in England.
Print Regulations
THE PCC - Press complaints commission are the company that deals with newspapers, magazines and newspaper websites. However they do not cover things on advertisements, books and blogs in order to make an official complaint you have to be part of the story.  |
| The Press Complaints Commissions
Examples of each
Sensationalism - London Riots.
Libel - The Playstation and Microsoft hacking scandal is revealed.
Inaccurate reporting - David Beckham having an affair.
Offensive material - Picture of Colonel Gaddafi laying dead.
Privacy and Paparazzi - Michael Jackson hides his children's faces form the cameras.
Negative Representation - Football player Sol Campbell terminates his contract at Notts County after playing only one game for the club.
Public right to know - The Sun names and shames britain's most wanted pedophiles/rapists.
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Meaning created through media
"Denotation" tends to be described as the definitional, 'literal', 'obvious' or 'commonsense' meaning of a sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the "denotative" meaningis what the dictionary attempts to provide. So the linguistic sign "Ferrari" on an f450 Spider "denotes" and Italian road car produced by the car manufacturer Ferrari. The term "conotation" is used to refer to the socio-cultural and 'personal' associations (ideological, emotional etc.) of the sign. These are typically related to the interpreter's class, age, gender, ethnicity and so on. So the linguistic sign "Ferrari" might "conote" high economic status, middle age, patriarchy, aesthetic over functionality (for example a Nissan GTR R35 can outdrive a Ferrari on a 0-60 speed test but a prospective buyer might still opt for the Ferrari owing to its socially perceived superior design aesthetic). Signs are more 'polysemic' - more open to interpretation - in their "conotation" than their "denotation".
"Signified" (signifie): For Saussure, the "signified" was one part of the "sign". Saussure's "signified" is the mental concept represented by the "signifier" (and is not a material thing)." "(Signifiant): For Saussure, this was the other part of the "sign". In the Saussurean tradition, the "signified" is the form which a "sign" takes. Ferdinand de Saussure proposed tht a word or "sign" links a concept ("signified") with a sound or image ("signifier"). The relationship between the "signs " and "signifier" is arbitrary. Words or "signs" are merely arbitrary man-made concepts. "Signifiers " on their own have no meaning. A "sign" only has meaning as a part of a system (structure). The meaning of words or "signs" emerges out of the differences that set them apart from other " signs" within the overarching system/structure. Modern semiotics invovles the study not only of what we refer to as "signs" in everyday speech, but of anything which 'stands for' something else. In a semiotic sense, "signs" take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Contemporary semioticians study "sign" not in isolation but as part of semiotic "sign systems" (such as a medium or genre). They study how meanings are made: as such, being concerned not only with communication but also with the construction and maintenance of reality. Semiotics and that branch of linguistics known as semantics have a common concern with the meaning of "signs", but whereas semantics focuses on what words mean, semiotics is concerned with how "signs" mean.
"Iconography" in a text echoes the genre codes of narrative, characterization, themes and setting - a familiar stock of images or motifs, the connotations of which have become fixed; primarily but not necessarily visual, including decor, costume and objects, certain 'tpecast' performers (some of whom may hve become 'icons'), familiar patternsof dialogue, characteristic music and sounds, andappropriate physical topograpy. social realist filmmakers have often used the classic "iconography" of narrowstreets lined with tiny urban dwellings in estavlishing shotsof northern industrial towns to portray economic hardship.
The French literary theorist and semiotician Roland Barthes introduced the concept of "anchorage". Linguistic elements in a text (such as a caption) canserve to "anchors" (or constrain) the preferred readings of an image (conversely the illustrative use of an image can "anchor" anambiguous verbal text).
"Signified" (signifie): For Saussure, the "signified" was one part of the "sign". Saussure's "signified" is the mental concept represented by the "signifier" (and is not a material thing)." "(Signifiant): For Saussure, this was the other part of the "sign". In the Saussurean tradition, the "signified" is the form which a "sign" takes. Ferdinand de Saussure proposed tht a word or "sign" links a concept ("signified") with a sound or image ("signifier"). The relationship between the "signs " and "signifier" is arbitrary. Words or "signs" are merely arbitrary man-made concepts. "Signifiers " on their own have no meaning. A "sign" only has meaning as a part of a system (structure). The meaning of words or "signs" emerges out of the differences that set them apart from other " signs" within the overarching system/structure. Modern semiotics invovles the study not only of what we refer to as "signs" in everyday speech, but of anything which 'stands for' something else. In a semiotic sense, "signs" take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Contemporary semioticians study "sign" not in isolation but as part of semiotic "sign systems" (such as a medium or genre). They study how meanings are made: as such, being concerned not only with communication but also with the construction and maintenance of reality. Semiotics and that branch of linguistics known as semantics have a common concern with the meaning of "signs", but whereas semantics focuses on what words mean, semiotics is concerned with how "signs" mean.
"Iconography" in a text echoes the genre codes of narrative, characterization, themes and setting - a familiar stock of images or motifs, the connotations of which have become fixed; primarily but not necessarily visual, including decor, costume and objects, certain 'tpecast' performers (some of whom may hve become 'icons'), familiar patternsof dialogue, characteristic music and sounds, andappropriate physical topograpy. social realist filmmakers have often used the classic "iconography" of narrowstreets lined with tiny urban dwellings in estavlishing shotsof northern industrial towns to portray economic hardship.
The French literary theorist and semiotician Roland Barthes introduced the concept of "anchorage". Linguistic elements in a text (such as a caption) canserve to "anchors" (or constrain) the preferred readings of an image (conversely the illustrative use of an image can "anchor" anambiguous verbal text).
Changes in Content and Changes in Style
Changes in Content
2012-
The programme Coronation street is now looking extremely clear in colour, the intro now insists of a busy high-street like sutton and everyone is looking much wealthier than before and it seems so much more freindlier place to be as people are talking to each other walking around socialising. And before there was a cat asleep on the wall now it is leaping from wall to wall. Making it seem that the economy has got a lot richer.
Changes in Style
1961-
In 1961 if an argument occurred there be a massive argument it would be in the street while people would ask what is going on , why are they arguing. They would not go tell people about it they would go straight to there house or apartment where the person is and accuse them to their face. Which will attract a lot of people but their friends would not join in, they would stand behind them making them look like they have backup but will not say anything.
2012
In 2012 if an argument people would go tell there mates what is happening and then there mates would tell there mates making it a massive deal. Which just makes it twice as bad as it was already but people would twist what they said to each other which does not help. They would not just have one person arguing it would be a group of people with another group, furthermore if an argument happens at a pub for example Eastenders friends would join in and help out, not knowing what happened.
1961 -
No glamour, there are closely packed houses, the houses normally consist of a family living upstairs and another family living below them these houses are known as 1 up 1 down, the quality of the picture is not great and it is in black and white, the street is misty as if people don't care about it and shows it is old, the foot paths are very bumpy showing that it is not very well maintained, the camera wobbles while going into the scenes, The scenes do not cut from close up into medium they zoom out to go into that shot, to show intimedation they would use a low shot to show who is bigger in the arguments and it reverses the hierarchy, to show who is richer they higher class would have much more fancier attire/costume, there are some shots that have been composed as a wide establishing shot which can easily show the support others are giving the dominant character and props.
No glamour, there are closely packed houses, the houses normally consist of a family living upstairs and another family living below them these houses are known as 1 up 1 down, the quality of the picture is not great and it is in black and white, the street is misty as if people don't care about it and shows it is old, the foot paths are very bumpy showing that it is not very well maintained, the camera wobbles while going into the scenes, The scenes do not cut from close up into medium they zoom out to go into that shot, to show intimedation they would use a low shot to show who is bigger in the arguments and it reverses the hierarchy, to show who is richer they higher class would have much more fancier attire/costume, there are some shots that have been composed as a wide establishing shot which can easily show the support others are giving the dominant character and props.
1979 -
The programme is now in colour but not very clear, the houses are packed together in rows, the set looks quite grim because of the picture is slightly green, the houses all look the same so they are in the same hierarchy, the houses are in rows to show lots of people are in poverty, the set looks run down, there is a cat laying on a grotty roof all by itself showing that it is lonely, tiles on the roof are coming off of the houses to show how run down it is, in the background of the intro there is a massive building which is flats to show another low end of the hierarchy, the sky is grey in the intro to show that there is no hope in getting a better lifestyle, the streets are empty no one walking down them showing that it has not many things to do in the street, they have slow movement that they got from films, they now use silence to create tension, there are more props being used and they carried on using the nicer clothing to show who is above the other in the higherarchy.
The programme is now in colour but not very clear, the houses are packed together in rows, the set looks quite grim because of the picture is slightly green, the houses all look the same so they are in the same hierarchy, the houses are in rows to show lots of people are in poverty, the set looks run down, there is a cat laying on a grotty roof all by itself showing that it is lonely, tiles on the roof are coming off of the houses to show how run down it is, in the background of the intro there is a massive building which is flats to show another low end of the hierarchy, the sky is grey in the intro to show that there is no hope in getting a better lifestyle, the streets are empty no one walking down them showing that it has not many things to do in the street, they have slow movement that they got from films, they now use silence to create tension, there are more props being used and they carried on using the nicer clothing to show who is above the other in the higherarchy.
2012-
The programme Coronation street is now looking extremely clear in colour, the intro now insists of a busy high-street like sutton and everyone is looking much wealthier than before and it seems so much more freindlier place to be as people are talking to each other walking around socialising. And before there was a cat asleep on the wall now it is leaping from wall to wall. Making it seem that the economy has got a lot richer.
Changes in Style
1961-
In 1961 if an argument occurred there be a massive argument it would be in the street while people would ask what is going on , why are they arguing. They would not go tell people about it they would go straight to there house or apartment where the person is and accuse them to their face. Which will attract a lot of people but their friends would not join in, they would stand behind them making them look like they have backup but will not say anything.
2012
In 2012 if an argument people would go tell there mates what is happening and then there mates would tell there mates making it a massive deal. Which just makes it twice as bad as it was already but people would twist what they said to each other which does not help. They would not just have one person arguing it would be a group of people with another group, furthermore if an argument happens at a pub for example Eastenders friends would join in and help out, not knowing what happened.
Cultural Changes
 |
| A newspaper from 1930 |
 |
| This is a newspaper from 2012 |
The newspapers in 2000's have people trying to get there moment of fame such as Frankie taking drugs and sleeping with a girl while doing x-factor hits front page news. Any racism would hit front page gossip such as Jade as it shocks everyone compared to in the 1900's as segregation between white and black people. The problem would not be as big. But now as Multi-cultural Britain has dropped the segregation and is friends with everyone no matter what race you are, yes there are people that still are racist but they are arrested and punished as this language or behaviour will not be tolerated.
Advances in technology Print
A printing press is a machine for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print material such as paper or cloth, thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press are widely regarded as the most influential events in the second millennium AD, revolutionising the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity.
The printing press was first used in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a complete printing system, which perfected the printing process through all of its stages by adapting existing technologies to the printing purposes, as well as making groundbreaking inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made for the first time possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities, a key element in the profitability of the whole printing enterprise.
The mechanization of bookmaking led to the first mass production of books in history in assembly line-style. A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by typographic hand-printing and a few by hand-copying. Books of bestselling authors like Luther or Erasmus were sold by the hundreds of thousands in their lifetime.
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| This is a printing press from 1811. |
The printing press advanced into the rolling print press.
A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. Printing can be done on large number of materials, including paper, cardboard, and plastic. Substrates can be sheet feed or unwound on a continuous roll through the press to be printed and further modified if required (e.g. die cut, overprint varnished, embossed). Printing presses that use continuous rolls are sometimes referred to as "web presses". Rotary drum printing was invented by Richard March Hoe in 1843, perfected in 1846, and patented in 1847. (Note – Some sources describe Parisian 'Hippolyte Auguste Marinoni', (1823, 7 January 1904) as the inventor of the Rotary printing press.
 |
| This is a rolling print press |
The rolling print press advanced into electronic print.
Printed electronics is a set of printing methods used to create electrical devices on various substrates. Printing typically uses common printing equipment or other low-cost equipment suitable for defining patterns on material, such as screen printing, flexography, gravure, offset lithography and ink jet. Electrically functional electronic or optical inks are deposited on the substrate, creating active or passive devices, such asthin film transistors or resistors. Printed electronics is expected to facilitate widespread, very low-cost, low-performance electronics for applications such as flexible displays, smart labels, decorative and animated posters, and active clothing that do not require high performance.
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| This is a electronic printer |
Thursday, 19 April 2012
audiences needs and lifestyles print
Task 1
Some news papers are, The sun, Daily mail, News of the world, Evning
standerd, metro, Daily Express, daily telegraph and the daily star.
Task 2
These can all be sepereted into tabliod or broadsheet depending on ehat
there main focus is, for example hard news is serious stories and soft
news is stuff like celebraties.
Task 3
Some examples of news storys and wether they are hard or soft news;
N'Dubz have a No.1 Single. Type of story; Music and it is soft news
David cameron makes a speech about Europe; Politics and it would be
classed as hard news
The cruis ship that sank; Tradgic and it is hard news
The Madalin Macan story: Tradgic/Kidnap and it is hard news
The London Riots; Tradgic/Theift and it is hard news
Katy perry and Russel Brand divorce; Celebratie and it is Soft news
Task 4
The articles are in-depth: Broad sheets
Easy to ubderstand language, short words: Tabloids
In-depth. Go deeper with stories: broadsheets
Cover stories briefly: Tabloids
Often physically larger: broadsheets
Long articles: Broadsheets
Lots of pictures: Tabloids
Long Words and sentences: Broadsheets
Task 5
News paper Hard news or soft news Tabloid or
broadsheet
The sun:
Soft
Tabloid
Daily Maily:
Soft
Tabloid
News of the world:
Soft Tabloid
Evening standerd:
Hard
Broadsheet
The metro:
Soft
Tabloid
Task 6
In which cities is the metro avalable?: London manchester
where would you find a copy?: Train stations
A. Age- 20+
b. Sex/gender- Both
C. Regionality?: big cities
D. Class?: middle/ buissness class
E. Ethnicity/race?: all
4. were would they read it?: on the train/ bus
5.Hard news or soft news?: both
6.tabloid or broadsheet?: tabloid
7.how many people that read it everyday?: thousands
8.how does the paper get money?: through advertisment
9.More people will read it because it is free
60 seconds to make a list of as many newspaper as you can,
The Sun, The Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, The Evening Standard, The Telegraph, The Guardian, Metro, The Daily Express, The Financial Times, The Times
TASK 2
Finish the 2 sentences below, describing in one sentence what Hard and Soft News are:
Hard New is serious news - politics/war
Soft News is child news (Arts, Celebrities, Entertainment)
Try to use these words: Crime, Art, Entertainment, Politics
TASK 3
1. In the first column make a list of 6 types of news story.
2. In the second column, say what types of story it is.
3. In the third column, say if you think the news story is Hard News of Soft News.
4. The first 2 have been done for you.
TASK 4
Read through the following statements/sentences. After each one, write whether you think the statement is true of BROADSHEETS or TABLIODS. The first one has been done for you.
1. The articles are in-depth Broadsheets.
2. Easy to understand language, short words Tabloids.
3. In-depth. Go deeper with stories Broadsheets.
4. Cover stories briefly Tabloids.
5. Often physically larger Broadsheets.
6. Long articles Broadsheets.
7. Smaller size, easier to carry Tabloids.
8. Long words and sentences Broadsheets.
TASK 5
Have a look at the list of newspapers you made for Task 1.
Using your iPOD Touch go to the websites of 6 of these newspapers.
Fill in the table below, giving the name of the newspaper, and whether you think they do mainly Hard News or Soft News.
Then, write in the third box whether you think the newspaper is a Tabloid or Broadsheet.
TASK 6: CASE STUDY: THE METRO NEWSPAPER
Using your iPOD Touch, research online for information that will help you answer these questions. Write your work in your book, under the title:
“Print Audience Needs and Lifestyles
Case Study: The Metro Newspaper
Before next week’s lesson, write the questions and answers onto your blog.
1. In which cities is the Metro newspaper available? London, Manchester
2. Where would you be able to find a copy in the morning? Train Stations
3. Whoa re the target audience? Who is the newspaper aimed at?
Break down the target audience in terms of:
A. Age - between 20 plus
B. Sex/gender - both
C. Regionality (where in the UK do they live) big cities
D. Class/Status (e.g. working class or professionals, like doctors) middle/business class.
E. Race/Ethnicity - All
4. Give three examples of when and where people read Metro? on the train/bus, breaks
5. Does the Metro contain Hard News or Soft News? Both,
6. Is the newspaper a Tabloid or a Broadsheet? Why do you say this? Tabloid.
7. How many people read the Metro every day? most people.
8. The Metro is a free newspaper. How is it able to not charge people to read it? They get money through advertisements.
8. How does this being a free newspaper effect how many people read it? As it is free they will get a lot of readers.
In modern papers such as metro there is a section where singles will be searching for a partner with a small picture that is not very clear. But on the metro website were singles search for a partner , the picture are alot clearer and there are more and alot more detail about the person due to hyperlinks.
Some news papers are, The sun, Daily mail, News of the world, Evning
standerd, metro, Daily Express, daily telegraph and the daily star.
Task 2
These can all be sepereted into tabliod or broadsheet depending on ehat
there main focus is, for example hard news is serious stories and soft
news is stuff like celebraties.
Task 3
Some examples of news storys and wether they are hard or soft news;
N'Dubz have a No.1 Single. Type of story; Music and it is soft news
David cameron makes a speech about Europe; Politics and it would be
classed as hard news
The cruis ship that sank; Tradgic and it is hard news
The Madalin Macan story: Tradgic/Kidnap and it is hard news
The London Riots; Tradgic/Theift and it is hard news
Katy perry and Russel Brand divorce; Celebratie and it is Soft news
Task 4
The articles are in-depth: Broad sheets
Easy to ubderstand language, short words: Tabloids
In-depth. Go deeper with stories: broadsheets
Cover stories briefly: Tabloids
Often physically larger: broadsheets
Long articles: Broadsheets
Lots of pictures: Tabloids
Long Words and sentences: Broadsheets
Task 5
News paper Hard news or soft news Tabloid or
broadsheet
The sun:
Soft
Tabloid
Daily Maily:
Soft
Tabloid
News of the world:
Soft Tabloid
Evening standerd:
Hard
Broadsheet
The metro:
Soft
Tabloid
Task 6
In which cities is the metro avalable?: London manchester
where would you find a copy?: Train stations
A. Age- 20+
b. Sex/gender- Both
C. Regionality?: big cities
D. Class?: middle/ buissness class
E. Ethnicity/race?: all
4. were would they read it?: on the train/ bus
5.Hard news or soft news?: both
6.tabloid or broadsheet?: tabloid
7.how many people that read it everyday?: thousands
8.how does the paper get money?: through advertisment
9.More people will read it because it is free
60 seconds to make a list of as many newspaper as you can,
The Sun, The Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, The Evening Standard, The Telegraph, The Guardian, Metro, The Daily Express, The Financial Times, The Times
TASK 2
Finish the 2 sentences below, describing in one sentence what Hard and Soft News are:
Hard New is serious news - politics/war
Soft News is child news (Arts, Celebrities, Entertainment)
Try to use these words: Crime, Art, Entertainment, Politics
TASK 3
1. In the first column make a list of 6 types of news story.
2. In the second column, say what types of story it is.
3. In the third column, say if you think the news story is Hard News of Soft News.
4. The first 2 have been done for you.
TASK 4
Read through the following statements/sentences. After each one, write whether you think the statement is true of BROADSHEETS or TABLIODS. The first one has been done for you.
1. The articles are in-depth Broadsheets.
2. Easy to understand language, short words Tabloids.
3. In-depth. Go deeper with stories Broadsheets.
4. Cover stories briefly Tabloids.
5. Often physically larger Broadsheets.
6. Long articles Broadsheets.
7. Smaller size, easier to carry Tabloids.
8. Long words and sentences Broadsheets.
TASK 5
Have a look at the list of newspapers you made for Task 1.
Using your iPOD Touch go to the websites of 6 of these newspapers.
Fill in the table below, giving the name of the newspaper, and whether you think they do mainly Hard News or Soft News.
Then, write in the third box whether you think the newspaper is a Tabloid or Broadsheet.
TASK 6: CASE STUDY: THE METRO NEWSPAPER
Using your iPOD Touch, research online for information that will help you answer these questions. Write your work in your book, under the title:
“Print Audience Needs and Lifestyles
Case Study: The Metro Newspaper
Before next week’s lesson, write the questions and answers onto your blog.
1. In which cities is the Metro newspaper available? London, Manchester
2. Where would you be able to find a copy in the morning? Train Stations
3. Whoa re the target audience? Who is the newspaper aimed at?
Break down the target audience in terms of:
A. Age - between 20 plus
B. Sex/gender - both
C. Regionality (where in the UK do they live) big cities
D. Class/Status (e.g. working class or professionals, like doctors) middle/business class.
E. Race/Ethnicity - All
4. Give three examples of when and where people read Metro? on the train/bus, breaks
5. Does the Metro contain Hard News or Soft News? Both,
6. Is the newspaper a Tabloid or a Broadsheet? Why do you say this? Tabloid.
7. How many people read the Metro every day? most people.
8. The Metro is a free newspaper. How is it able to not charge people to read it? They get money through advertisements.
8. How does this being a free newspaper effect how many people read it? As it is free they will get a lot of readers.
In modern papers such as metro there is a section where singles will be searching for a partner with a small picture that is not very clear. But on the metro website were singles search for a partner , the picture are alot clearer and there are more and alot more detail about the person due to hyperlinks.
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